A Literature Review of Social Stratification Theory as an Analytical Framework for Mawali Research in Hadith Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70588/suluahpasaman.v5i1.1249Keywords:
Literature Review, Stratification Social Teori, Hadits StudiesAbstract
This study aims to examine the application of social stratification theory in scientific research and to identify its potential relevance to hadith studies, particularly in understanding the social dimensions of hadith transmission and the position of narrators within historical social structures. This study employs a literature review to examine the application of social stratification theory in scientific research, particularly its relevance to hadith studies. The analysis covers 32 peer-reviewed articles published between 1974 and 2025 and indexed in SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The findings indicate that social stratification has been widely explored across 12 countries and various disciplines, including sociology, humanities, psychology, health, environmental studies, and economics, demonstrating its broad interdisciplinary relevance. However, no publication was found that explicitly applies social stratification theory to hadith studies or the science of hadith. This absence reveals an important epistemological and methodological gap in integrating modern social theory into classical Islamic scholarship. Historical evidence from pre-Islamic and early Islamic society reflects complex social hierarchies involving mawālī (freed slaves), women, and non-Arab communities, many of whom contributed significantly to hadith transmission. These historical realities suggest that social stratification theory, particularly the perspectives of Karl Marx and Talcott Parsons, offers a valuable framework for analysing the social position, authority, and acceptance of hadith narrators. This study therefore recommends expanding interdisciplinary research that integrates social stratification theory with hadith studies to provide a more critical, contextual, and inclusive understanding of the transmission and development of Islamic intellectual traditions.
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